HV 885 
.M8 H4 
Copy 1 



THE JUNIOR 




5E1TLEMENT 



ANNOUNCEMENT 



Announcement 

— of — 

The Junior Settlement 



An Institution for Boys, City Born and from 

P^amilies of the Landless Glass in the 

South, and for boys everywhere 

who, since they cannot find a 

way, are willing to make 

one. 



Located in Montgomery County, 
North Carolina 



Illustrations by 
OSCAR HAYWOOD 






Copyright, 1910, 

by 

Oscar Haywood, 

161 Madison Avenue, 

New York. 

Fully protecting- contents of 
this brochure. 



GOTHAM PRESS 
NEW YORK 



CCLA278225 




PROVISIONS OF THE CHARTER. 



HE purposes of the Institution, set out by the 
Charter, are as follows: 

I. The instruction of male youth in the 
various Common School, Academic and 
Collegiate Branches, and in the best modes 
of practical industry in application to Agriculture and the 
{Mechanic Arts. 

II. To maintain an Experiment Farm, and Schools in 
Forestry and Veterinary Science. 

III. To establish and supervise a community as an ex- 
ample in wholesome country life. 

IV- To establish and maintain an asylum or Home for 
Boys, and a Hospital for treatment of diseases in boys. 

The administration of the Institution, together with the 
management of its funds and property, is reposed in a Board 
of Trustees, not less than five nor more than seventeen in 
number. 

The Trustees are required to report the affairs and work of 
the Institution to the State authorities. 




Administration Building 



GROUND AND FOUNDATION. 

Rev. Oscar Haywood, D.D., of New York City, has 
donated, as "the ground and foundation" for the Institution, 
several hundred acres of land, now cultivated by him as a 
cotton farm. 

The farm is located on Little River, a few miles from its 
junction with the Yadkin River, on the lower border of the 
middle Piedmont section of North Carolina. About one- 
fourth of the land is open to cultivation, the rest is care- 
fully protected forest of all varieties of native trees. Here 
one time was a busy plantation, with a large population of 
negroes, a few of whom, with the beginnings worked out 
here, have become landholders and respected citizens. 

The donor's father reared a large family in the farmhouse 
— a picture of which will be found on another page. He 
cleared the fields, and, commencing in the most primitive fash- 
ion, amassed by honest industry, an independent fortune. 

It is believed that his heroic example, as the original occu- 
pant, of these lands, whose long life was devoted solely to 
farming, will be a source of inspiration to the boys who shall 
hereafter receive instruction in the schools builded on founda- 
tions wrought in honesty, frugality and simplicity. 

The donor gives, along with the farm, the tools, machinery 
and stock now used in its cultivation. He proposes also to 
devote all his income, above a living, for the remainder of 
his life to the promotion and welfare of the Institution. 





Threshing Crimson Clover to be returned to the fields for soil enrichment. 



Letter from Governor Kitchin 
§&tzdz of ^Njorilj (Earolma 

^ lei & August 30, 1910. 

Dr. Oscar Haywood, 

161 Madison Ave., New York. 
My Dear Haywood : 

Your letter was called to my attention on my 
return to this city. 

I heartily endorse your project as outlined 
to me in your letter, to be known as the Junior 
Social Settlement. In my opinion, if your plan is 
carried out successfully, it will be of benefit 
to the State as an example of intensive farming 
and in furnishing practical training for farm 
employes. I think you will have no trouble in 
having it incorporated under our general laws by 
the Secretary of State. As all our agricultural 
matters are under the control of the Agricultural 
Department, I cannot encourage you to expect a 
state appropriation unless that department should 
recommend it . 

I shall be very glad to assist you in your 
undertaking in any way. 

With best wishes. 

Yours truly, 




Governor. 



Letter from Dr. Poteat 
Wake forest College 

THE OPP.CE OP THE PRESIDENT WA " E FOREST ' NOR ™ CAROL.MA 

Rev. Oscar Haywood D.D. , 

161 Madison Ave., New York City. 
My dear Doctor Haywood : 

In reply to your letter of the 17th instant, 
I beg to say that it will please me to serve the 
Junior Settlement Enterprise in the capacity of 
Trustee, in accordance with your invitation. 
I need not assure you of my interest in it and my 
earnest hope for its large success. 
Very truly yours , 

9 

WLP/CHM President 




The farm has several deep wells and living springs. A herd of English Berkshire swine 
and two Jersey cows at present flourish there. 



Report from the Representative of the Agricultural Depart- 
ment of the General Government. 



REPORT ON THE FARM 

OF 

DR. OSCAR HAYWOOD, 
Mount Gilead, N. C. 




HIS farm is beautifully located on Little 
River, near its junction with the Yadkin 
River. It is situated partly in the bottom 
lands of the Little River and partly on the 
hills which lie back from the river. 
Soils. — The bottom lands are made up of rich alluvial soils 
which at certain periods are covered by overflow from the 
river. In this way they are constantly being enriched by the 
sedimentary deposit left by the water, in the same way that 
the fertility of the land in the valley of the Nile is maintained. 
The accompanying photograph gives an idea of these bottom 
lands. The hills are timbered for the most part with oak, 
hickory, etc. Some of the land is too steep and rocky for 
general farm purposes, but these portions will make excellent 
pastures for stock when cleared, or may be left as timber re- 
serves. A good share of the land can be brought into cul- 
tivation, although it is not as good land naturally as the river 
bottom, yet under good management can be made highly 
productive. 

Crops. — The bottom lands are well suited to the produc- 
tion of cotton, corn, general hay crops and alfalfa, especially, 
in those portions where the overflow does not stand too long 
on the field. 



On the hill lands cotton, corn, cowpeas, soy beans, sorghum, 
sweet potatoes, Irish potatoes and other products can be grown. 

Adaptability. — As a location for an industrial school where 
boys may learn the business of farming I consider it excellent. 
It is convenient, yet not too close to the railroad; its uplands 
afford ideal situations for buildings, its water supply is unex- 
celled, and the various soils afford an excellent chance for the 
comparative study of their difference in origin, composition, 
adaptability to crops, differences in the methods of treatment, 
kinds of implements and tools necessary, etc. 

I believe this would be an ideal location for such an institu- 



tion. 



Respectfully submitted, 



D. A. BRODIE, 



Agricultural Department, 
Washington, D. C, 
September 15 th, 1909. 



Agriculturist. 




The Brodie Photograph. This picture shows a view of the river valley including fields owned 
by Mr. M. S. Martin and Mr. T. F. Haywood. 




APOLOGY. 
By Oscar Haywood. 

HE plan seeks to incorporate the best features 
of the schools in which "kinds of knowledge 
useful" are taught with systematic farming, 
to combine the free and independent life 
of the one-time plantation boy with the study 
of books; and to administer a self-governing community of 
boys. 

Some considerations that have served to induce and evolve 
this enterprise may be briefly given: 

1 . The depletion of the farm population in North Caro- 
lina and other Southern States. 

The sweetest country in the world, originally rich in every 
propitious element of climate and soil, once thickly settled with 
well-to-do and thrifty farmers, has in great measure been de- 
serted, or turned over to negroes who occupy the farms under 
lease or mortgage. (When statements of the acreage owned 
by negroes are published, as evidence of their wonderful prog- 
ress, statistics of the mortgaged area should also be printed; 
for, at best, not over 20 per cent, of the land owned by negroes 
is free from mortgage. ) The drift of life away from the rural 
country has not been retarded by the much-vaunted agricul- 
tural college. A student graduated from a College of Agri- 
culture and put on a farm, a bona fide farm, where Nature is 
ice and mud in winter and rock in summer, is a disillusioned 
idealist. On that suburban garden plot, called an Experi- 
ment Station, and equipped with nickel-plated implements, he 
played a gentleman's game of farming. With a shining steel 
share he turned up a cataract of pulverized soil, of just the 
proper consistency to make pumpkins and potatoes for the 



Nicotine and 
Oxygen boys 




The picture of the cigarette victim 
is from an impersonation posed for 
the camera by a beautiful stage boy. 
Dewey, the negro boy was born on 
the farm and lives there. 



State Fair; and to a reservoir hard by he would resort when 
the heavens were brass. 

2. A misplaced emphasis in education is misdirecting the 
energies of the world. The educated man is lost in the coun- 
try for all useful purposes. A country boy, when put through 
college, does not return to the farm for the things he has 
learned, cannot be used there. 

3. The congested population of the city would find happy 
relief on the abandoned farms of the South, where the cost of 
living would turn to the profit of living. The mature life 
native to the city will not leave it. Hence, begin with the 
boys. Take them from six to twelve years of age, and let 
them grow up on a farm. They will never get over it. This 
Institution will be free from the remotest suggestion of the 
street. It will also guard against the baneful atmosphere of 
reformatories, little better than prisons. 

4. Undiscovered Boys. There are four kinds of lies — 
white lies, common lies — lies and statistics. The last is the 
least harmful. Few read statistics and none seriously believe 
them. Hence no space for them here. But that conjurer in 
figures, the census man, could find in these Carolina hills ma- 
terial for a tabulated romance. Here are descendants of the 
white-cheeked land hunters who, some time in the dateless past, 
took up the long march from the region of perpetual snow 
and wandered on and on — tneir lines continually wasted and 
thinned by war and pestilence — until at last a pale remnant 
they faced the sea, then homeless turned to the hills for shelter. 
We have been so amused and alarmed at the attempts of phi- 
lanthropists (Lowell called them iron machines) to solve the 
negro problem that we have all but left uncounted the land- 
less white population, American to the core, home lovers, 
friends of peace but first in battle, dwelling in the solitary 
places. Let this gift of land, money and time lead to the 
discovery of their worthy boys who perish without vision, 
serve to show them that one day in a purple cotton field is 
better than a lifetime on streets, and teach them that content- 
ment sits at his table whose bread well earned is eaten with- 
out grudge, but with uttered thanks to the Good God Who 
makes the water-cress grow by the spring and with lavish 
Grace sows the grateful fields. 




Original farm house. The chimneys are built of rough hewn sand stone, symetrical blocks of 
slate taken from a well, and field stone. Seven rooms and five open fire places. 




O this is another venture at public expense 
to solve the boy problem?" 

Oh, no, kind sir ! The venture was God's 
when the world was young. And now the 
testimony of history is that under all skies 
man comes to the kingdom of power and knowledge, in the 
field and in the wilderness, as he obeys the primal mandate, 
which (according to an old Book that still holds supremacy 
in the world of letters) made agriculture the first of all arts 
and the first of laborers — a sinless man. 

Expense? Nobody worries over this word except such as 
city people, parents of college students, and the fellow with 
an automobile. 

"Consider the lilies/* or the daisies, and then look at the 
farmer's boy. They live just alike; one blooms in fragrance, 
the other whistles a love ditty. A lavish hand feedeth them. 
Hold down your treasure chest, sweet sir; it might fly away. 
Riches sometimes take wings. 

No, sir; this is not a guess at the boy problem, but rather a 
protest against the philosophy that assumes one. The boy in 
his natural, congenial environment is a great mystery. He 
makes the planet his playground, and from sun and systems 
that roll in glory above him he gathers tribute of light, heat 
and energy. As he is spontaneously fresh, indefatigably orig- 
inal, elastically adaptable and complacently cunning, full of 
surprises as a wizard's cone or an April day of changes, we 
cannot anticipate him. Is that a problem? No; it is the 
infinite seeking and finding human expression — ever-unfolding, 
ever-changeful — God at play. A boy in the exercise of his 
rights on a farm — one pair of mother's arms, and a girl friend 
into whose eyes he may look once in a great while and then 
run away — you know what he will become, if you give him 
time, and time enough — a Man. 

The world is afraid of any object that swings clear of its 
right relation. But a thing, anything; for instance, the earth 
or a comet, hung and swung in that volatile, inflammable and 
intoxicating fluid called ether, is a docile, obedient subservient 




Thoroughbred Kentucky horses, raised from colts on the farm. Patrick Herrmon saddle stallion, 
(on the right) took first prize at the North Carolina fair, 1910. 



sphere, whirling and spinning along the track of law. The 
astronomical mathematician can tell you from which window 
of the Metropolitan Tower, at what second of a minute, be- 
tween 4 and 5 o'clock A. M., April 3d, 2026, your great- 
grandchild's oldest son may, in the western heavens, see the 
flaming tail of a comet which was, from an observatory in Con- 
stantinople, last visible in the seventeenth century. No problem 
there — it is solved. Now, the value, utility, beauty, importance, 
harmony and strength of a given force is determined by envi- 
ronment. Take the figure 1 and let it stand for you ; then take 
the figure 2, let that stand for a man on the other side of an 
eight-inch wall, or 3,000 miles of sea water. The numeral 1 , 
personating you, grows or diminishes in value, according to its 
juxtaposition (excuse the length of the word; I did not make it) 
to the numeral 2, representing anybody else . Write it thus 1 ; 
now a straight line 1 /, which here stands for a racial prejudice, 
a religious dogma, or a boundary in geography; and on the 
other side 2 — thus 1/2 — the result is patent. Now break 
down the wall of division and give to number 1 chief place 
and, the result 12 unites; you have multiplied your strength 
twelve times. Now, if you transpose these gentlemen, and 
give number 2 first place (21), you will have enhanced the 
importance twenty-one times that a man has in the egotism of 
solitude. 

The difference between a steel plow hoe and a steel sword; 
a bolt of lightning filling the firmament with fire and fury and 
an electric current dispensing news and health; a poison kill- 
ing and the same poison curing; and the difference between a 
boy filling the woods with laughter and song and a boy on the 
street, driven to crime, in the exercise of his divine right of self- 
defence, is, after all, only a question of being rightly or wrong- 
ly related to God, men and things. 




Working Corn andjiCotton. 




UT this farm is no Eden. If it were, it would 
be no place for a boy. 

It begins on a hilltop and slopes away for 
about two miles to a river. The slope is 
broken with gullies, brooks, rocky ridges, 
old fields, forests of pine, oak and hickory; and has 
land so poor that a goat would starve on it, yet land so fertile 
that a negro and a mule can reap a bountiful harvest after 
three months' scraping, called ploughing. It is a scene of 
sacrifice and tears, of romance and love, memories of broken 
promises and defeated plans — and written all over it is the 
record of a hundred years of unselfish toil — and in the heart of 
it, in a bower of pine, dogwood and cedar, are a half-dozen 
beds of clay, whose sleepers wrested this spot of blue from the 
wilderness. From the standpoint of asphalt and boxwood it 
is not ideal; but measured by the moral, intellectual and spir- 
itual needs of a boy it approaches ideality. 

The horizon is wide, the sky lofty, the winter sharp, the 
summer fruitful, the spring full of love songs, and the autumn 
of melancholy mystery. Is not this the place for a boy, many 
of him, the brightest of him, the best of him, the worst of him 
— all there is of him, human and divine, passion and sentiment, 
temptation and aspiration, mortal and immortal? 




m^ <, 



mec t4 mm 




View of an orchard and the 
horse pasture. 



One copy del. to Cat. Div. 






